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Energy conservation in China’s coal-fired power industry by installing advanced units and organized phasing

Weiliang WANG, Junfu LYU, Zheng LI, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE, Weidou NI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 798-807 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0633-z

摘要： Coal-fired power is the main power source and the biggest contributor to energy conservation in the past several decades in China. It is generally believed that advanced technology should be counted on for energy conservation. However, a review of the decline in the national average net coal consumption rate (NCCR) of China’s coal-fired power industry along with its development over the past few decades indicates that the up-gradation of the national unit capacity structure (including installing advanced production and phasing out backward production) plays a more important role. A quantitative study on the effect of the unit capacity structure up-gradation on the decline in the national average NCCR suggests that phasing out backward production is the leading factor for the decline in the NCCR in the past decade, followed by the new installation, whose sum contributes to approximately 80% of the decline in the national average NCCR. The new installation has an effective affecting period of about 8 years, during which it would gradually decline from a relatively high value. Since the effect of phasing out backward production may remain at a certain degree given a continual action of phasing out backward capacity, it is suggested that the organized action of phasing out backward production should be insisted on.

关键词： coal-fired power energy conservation net coal consumption rate new installation phasing out backward production unit capacity structure

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Use of float consumption rate in resource leveling of construction projects

Atilla DAMCI, Gul POLAT, Firat Dogu AKIN, Harun TURKOGLU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 135-147 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0118-0

摘要： The management of resources has been claimed to be as important as scheduling methods. Inefficiency in managing resources may bring about severe delays and cost overruns caused by resource shortages in some cases and/or idle resources in others. Therefore, resources should be utilized efficiently to prevent project failures. Resource leveling is one of the approaches that are used for the management of resources. It aims to minimize fluctuations, peaks, and valleys in resource utilization without changing the completion time of a project and the number of resources required. Although the main principle behind traditional resource leveling is achieving an even flow of resources while the original project duration remains unchanged, the literature supports the need to develop an efficient model that discriminates among the activities that are selected for participation in resource leveling. For this purpose, this study has developed a model that considers the float consumption rates of activities in resource leveling. The float consumption rate is the percentage that is set to determine the maximum amount of float which will be consumed to shift the start time of the activity. The proposed model allows a scheduler to assign float consumption rates to each activity that can be used during the resource leveling procedure. When the required information is inputted, the proposed model automatically changes the required daily resources as it shifts the noncritical activities along their available total float times. The proposed model is expected to minimize the likelihood of severe delays and cost overruns. The model is demonstrated by constructing a network and its resource utilization histograms.

关键词： resource management resource leveling float consumption rate scheduling

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Influence of different oil feed rate on bituminous coal ignition in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Xiang ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 406-412 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0266-6

摘要： To reduce oil consumption during firing-up and partial-load operation, a tiny-oil ignition burner has been recommended. Through reacting-flow experiments performed on a full-scale experimental setup, the influence of different oil flow rates on bituminous coal combustion as well as flow rates without coal feed was analyzed. The ignition burner is identical to that normally used in an 800 MWe utility boiler. Under operating conditions with flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg/h, gas temperature distributions were measured in the burner. At the equivalent measuring points at the exits of the first and second combustion chambers, these distributions remained almost unchanged under a constant coal feed rate of 4 t/h. However on the burner centerline, distributions increased slightly with increasing flow rate. Different gas concentrations were measured at the center of the burner exit. For instance, the O concentration at the burner exit varied from 0.01% to 0.31% whereas CO concentrations were more than 10000 ppm. At the same coal feed rate of 4 t/h, burner resistances are 480, 600, and 740 Pa for oil flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg/h, respectively.

关键词： ignition coal burner boiler oil flow rate

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Influence of infiltration on energy consumption of a winery building

Hejiang SUN, Qingxia YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 110-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0293-3

摘要： With the wide use of light steel structure in industrial buildings, some problems such as air leakage, water dripping and condensation and so forth occur during the construction and operation phases. Through the onsite testing of a winery building in Huailai County, Hebei Province in China, the influence of infiltration on energy consumption in industrial buildings was studied. The pressurization test method and moisture condensation method were used to test the infiltration rates. The results show that the winery building is twice as leaky as normal Chinese buildings and five times as leaky as Canadian buildings. The energy use simulation demonstrates that the reduction of the infiltration rate of the exterior rooms to 1/3 and the interior rooms to 1/2 could help decrease a total energy consumption of approximately 20% and reduce a total energy cost of approximately $ 225000. Therefore, it has a great potential to reduce the energy consumption in this type of buildings. Enforcement of the appropriate design, construction and installation would play a significant role in improving the overall performance of the building.

关键词： industrial building air change rate pressurization test method moisture condensation method energy cost

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对我国煤炭工业产业升级及能源发展的建议

王安

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 143-147

摘要：

提升煤炭工业产业技术水平，转变煤炭生产增长方式，不仅是解决煤炭工业健康发展的需要，也是改善国家能源供给，保障能源安全的关键所在。煤炭产业升级总的方向和途径主要在结构优化和技术升级两个方面。神东以“四化”为基本特征的大型煤炭基地建设的成功实践，在“规模、模式、装备”3个方面带动了我国煤炭工业的发展，对煤炭产业升级具有重要的示范意义。要加快制定煤炭产业政策配套措施，积极引导产业升级，建立有利于统一管理的能源管理体制，推广神东模式，提高资源的采出率和矿产资源的利用率。

关键词：煤炭工业产业升级能源安全神东模式产业政策资源采出率利用率

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Sensitivity analysis of a methanol and power polygeneration system fueled with coke oven gas and coal

Guoqiang ZHANG, Lin GAO, Hongguang JIN, Rumou LIN, Sheng LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 491-497 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0511-z

摘要： The sensitivity analysis of a polygeneration energy system fueled with duo fuel of coke oven gas and coal gas is performed in the study, and the focus is put on the relations among syngas composition, conversation rate and performance. The impacts of the system configuration together with the fuel composition on the performance are investigated and discussed from the point of cascading utilization of fuel chemical energy. First, the main parameters affecting the performance are derived along with the analysis of the system configuration and the syngas composition. After the performance is being simulated by means of the Aspen Plus process simulator of version 11.1, the variation of the performance due to the composition of syngas and the conversion rate of chemical subsystem is obtained and discussed. It is obtained from the result that the proper conversion rate of the chemical subsystem according to the specific syngas composition results in better performance. And the syngas composition affects the optimal conversion rate of the chemical subsystem, the optimal point of which is around the stoichiometric composition for methanol production (CO/H = 0.5). In all, the polygeneration system fueled with coke oven gas and coal gas, which can realize the reasonable conversion of syngas to power and chemical product according to the syngas composition, is a promising method for coal energy conversion and utilization.

关键词： duo fuel of coke oven gas and coal gas polygeneration of power and methanol sensitivity analysis the relation among energy utilization syngas composition and chemical conversion rate

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中国能源消费结构与风电/煤制天然气耦合经济性分析

余波,曹晨,顾为东

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 100-106

摘要：

本文以年产1×109 m3煤制天然气工艺为例，采用Shell干粉气化技术，比较了传统煤制天然气工艺和风电/煤制天然气耦合情况下，工艺过程中（从煤气化到水煤气变换）的设备投资、运行费用以及CO2排放特性，结果表明，尽管风电电解水系统完全取代空分系统和水煤气变换系统设备投资巨大，但是其年平均运行费用（设备折旧、原料、电耗）却最低，CO2排放量为传统煤制天然气工艺的1.3 %，为煤制天然气产业发展提供一个参考。

关键词：能源消费；煤制天然气；非并网风电；经济性分析；CO2排放

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Research and industrialization of near-net rolling technology used in shaft parts

Zhenghuan HU, Baoyu WANG, Zhenhua ZHENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第1期页码 17-24 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0480-3

摘要：

Shaft part rolling is an efficient and green near-net shaping technology offering many advantages, including high production efficiency, high material utilization rate, high product quality, and excellent production environment. In this paper, the features of shaft part rolling are introduced along with the working principles of two main shaft part rolling technologies, namely, cross wedge rolling (CWR) and skew rolling (SR). In relation to this technology, some R&D achievements gained by the University of Science and Technology Beijing are summarized. Finally, the latest developments in shaft part rolling are presented, including SR steel balls, precise forming of camshaft blank by CWR, SR phosphorous copper balls at room temperature, and CWR hollow axle sleeve. Although the shaft part rolling technology has been widely used in China, it only accounts for about 15% of applicable parts at present. Nevertheless, this technology has broad application prospects.

关键词： cross wedge rolling skew rolling near-net rolling shaft part

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煤炭清洁发电技术进展与前景

岑可法,倪明江,高翔,骆仲泱,王智化,郑成航

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 49-55

摘要：

近年来，我国大气复合污染问题日益突出，燃煤是造成大气污染的主要原因之一，我国电力行业耗煤量约占全国耗煤总量的一半，实现燃煤电厂烟气污染物高效控制是重中之重。本文介绍了我国煤炭清洁发电实现超低排放的最新进展及未来发展前景。通过理论研究、技术研发及集成应用，形成了符合我国国情的燃煤烟气污染物超低排放技术路线，建立了超低排放清洁环保岛，实现了污染物排放优于天然气机组排放标准限值，为我国大气污染防治特别是高用能密度区域的污染物减排提供了一条重要出路。研究综述了近年来我国超低排放技术的示范应用情况，通过费效分析表明超低排放可实现污染物大幅度减排，具有良好的环境、经济和社会效益。未来，我国燃煤电厂还将进一步发展烟气污染物深度脱除技术及二氧化碳捕集技术，最终实现燃煤烟气污染物的近零排放，为建设全世界最清洁的燃煤电厂奠定坚实的技术基础。

关键词：煤炭；高用能密度；大气污染；超低排放；清洁发电

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Effects of hydraulic retention time on net present value and performance in a membrane bioreactor treating

Dawei Yu, Jianxing Wang, Libin Zheng, Qianwen Sui, Hui Zhong, Meixue Cheng, Yuansong Wei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1280-7

摘要： Abstract • The membrane bioreactor cost decreased by 38.2% by decreasing HRT from 72 h to 36 h. • Capital and operation costs contributed 62.1% and 37.9% to decreased costs. • The membrane bioreactor is 32.6% cheaper than the oxidation ditch for treatment. • The effluent COD also improved from 709.93±62.75 mg/L to 280±17.32 mg/L. • Further treatment also benefited from lower pretreatment investment. A cost sensitivity analysis was performed for an industrial membrane bioreactor to quantify the effects of hydraulic retention times and related operational parameters on cost. Different hydraulic retention times (72–24 h) were subjected to a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor updated from an existing 72 h oxidation ditch treating antibiotic production wastewater. Field experimental data from the membrane bioreactor, both full-scale (500 m3/d) and pilot (1.0 m3/d), were used to calculate the net present value (NPV), incorporating both capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure. The results showed that the tank cost was estimated above membrane cost in the membrane bioreactor. The decreased hydraulic retention time from 72 to 36 h reduced the NPV by 38.2%, where capital expenditure contributed 24.2% more than operational expenditure. Tank construction cost was decisive in determining the net present value contributed 62.1% to the capital expenditure. The membrane bioreactor has the advantage of a longer lifespan flat-sheet membrane, while flux decline was tolerable. The antibiotics decreased to 1.87±0.33 mg/L in the MBR effluent. The upgrade to the membrane bioreactor also benefited further treatments by 10.1%–44.7% lower direct investment.

关键词： Antibiotic production wastewater Net present value Membrane bioreactor Hydraulic retention time Pollutant removal

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二氧化碳捕集与封存——历史与未来之路 Review

马劲风, 李琳, 王浩璠, 杜艺, 马俊杰, 张小莉, 王震亮

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 33-43 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.024

摘要：

二氧化碳捕集与封存（CCS）的大规模部署在全球实现净零排放的道路中显得越发紧迫，但CCS的全球部署显著落后于预期。回顾和学习先进国家CCS的成功实例与历史，有助于包括中国在内的国家采取科学的方法来推动与部署CCS项目。在CCS关键技术研发与示范中，本文认为先进国家CCS科技基础研究设施的建立是其CCS技术源头创新、成本降低、风险降低、商业化推广及人才培养的源泉。除了激励政策外，CCS的良性发展，需要从科技基础研究设施过渡到规模化商业化设施，不然难以跨越从小规模示范到百万吨级CCS中心（hub）与千万吨级CCS hub实施的技术障碍。CO₂地质封存是CCS项目的最终目标与解决捕集CO₂归宿的驱动力。进一步提高观测、监测和证实（MMV）CO₂封存量、减排量与安全性技术的精度，仍然是地质封存面临的问题。咸水层CO₂封存可以更好地耦合多种碳排放源，是目前需要优先发展的方向。降低低浓度CO₂捕集的能耗、减小化学吸收剂的衰竭、提高燃烧后CO₂捕集系统的运行效率和稳定性成为制约大规模CCS部署的关键。对于各国最大程度地开采化石燃料而不是从环境友好程度较低的产油国进口石油，CO₂驱油提高石油采收率（CO₂-EOR）也非常重要。

关键词：二氧化碳捕集与封存研究设施净温室气体减排能源消费监测

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重点高耗能行业煤利用过程中的节能问题研究

金涌,陈勇,胡山鹰,赵黛青,马晓茜,王辅臣,呼和涛力

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 82-90

摘要：

高耗能行业不仅能耗高也是能源密集型产业，并且煤和电占据行业能源消费结构中的主导地位。高耗能行业面对能源资源供应紧张、降低能耗以及低碳可持续发展的迫切需要，必须优先节能，并要重视和发展煤炭利用过程中的节能战略。本文围绕我国石化、钢铁、建材、化工、有色金属、造纸、纺织七个高耗能行业煤炭利用过程中的节能问题开展研究，突出发展要以节能为本的重要理念，在系统掌握当前我国高耗能行业煤炭利用情况的基础上，比较分析国内外技术水平的差距；通过运用态势（SWOT）分析法及产业技术路线图研究，总结各行业在节能方面面临的挑战和机遇；凝练了高耗能行业煤炭利用过程的节能途径及重点节能技术方向；最后强调了煤炭利用过程中节能对高耗能行业可持续发展的重要作用。

关键词：煤炭；高耗能行业；态势分析；技术路线图；节能技术

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Special issue: Near-net shaping technology

Dequn LI, Dongming GUO, Qingxue HUANG, Yanchun LOU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0497-7

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An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 868-886 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0656-0

摘要： Die casting machines, which are the core equipment of the machinery manufacturing industry, consume great amounts of energy. The energy consumption prediction of die casting machines can support energy consumption quota, process parameter energy-saving optimization, energy-saving design, and energy efficiency evaluation; thus, it is of great significance for Industry 4.0 and green manufacturing. Nevertheless, due to the uncertainty and complexity of the energy consumption in die casting machines, there is still a lack of an approach for energy consumption prediction that can provide support for process parameter optimization and product design taking energy efficiency into consideration. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines driven by product parameters. Firstly, the system boundary of energy consumption prediction is defined, and subsequently, based on the energy consumption characteristics analysis, a theoretical energy consumption model is established. Consequently, a systematic energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines, involving product, die, equipment, and process parameters, is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed energy consumption prediction approach are verified with the help of three die casting machines and six types of products. The results show that the prediction accuracy of production time and energy consumption reached 91.64% and 85.55%, respectively. Overall, the proposed approach can be used for the energy consumption prediction of different die casting machines with different products.

关键词： die casting machine energy consumption prediction product parameters